Crash Course on Gallelian Relativity (part 1)
The whole Subject of Natural Philosophy is based upon only one motivation and that is to predict the future of the things using the observations from present.. But as we dive deep into this topic we stumble upon some basic inconsistencies..The inconsistencies are about the Observer or more preciously which Observer is Superior over the others..
What is Relativity
Suppose you and your friend both go to same school and a stranger asked you and your friend about the distance and direction of your school from your and yours friend houses respectively..
You replied your School is 5 KM away in the north and your friend replied it's 3 KM afar at the East..
Now a natural question arises why do we make a such a supposition??
But some observations pointed out some deviation like Retrograde motions and the apparent change in brightness of these heavenly bodies in the ARISTOTELIAN model.. To encapsulate these observations circular motion of the celestial bodies were replaced by Epicircular or Equant motion..This modification was put forward by Ptolemy in the 2nd century.. The gracious acceptance of this model by the CATHOLIC CHURCHES immortalized the model by making it invincible, inarguable for nearly 1400 years in medieval Europe..
Even in this modification observation still revealed some radical deviation, demanding a drastic change in our of point of view, and our disposition towards the truth..
At the dawn of Renaissance, every scientific theory and observations was started to be investigated with pure logic and Euclidean Geometry, which had priorly proven its supremacy..Once the Ptolemaic theory faced the wrath of Logic and Geometry the very bedrock of the model started to crumble.. Further observations made it clear that Earth is not at the centre of the Universe neither do the Sun... So, the Aristotlian , Ptolemaic, Tychonic (model by infamous Tycho Brahe) even the Copernican model collapsed into the deepest humiliation taking the notion of Absolute Frame of Reference with it..
So far even the Recent Observations verifies absence of Absolute Frame of Reference..
So, it is absolutely wrong to think about the Motion of an object with respect to an Absolute frame..
This Hindsight paved the way for Relativity to thrive... As, we can conclude whenever we're trying to describe the position or other properties of objects which may vary from observer to observer, we should always describe those with relative to the specific observer..
This is the Backbone of Relativity..
The meaning of Absolute Simultaneity is 'Now' , 'this moment' , 'this instance' is same for all..
These notions were explicitly introduced in the study of natural philosophy by ISSAC BARROW, mentor and predecessor of SIR ISSAC NEWTON.. and was brought to its extreme consequences by NEWTON
The idea of ABSOLUTE SPACE is/may not be as convoluted as the time..
In the definition of Space we can say "Space is sort of a background on which event takes place" and the concept of ABSOLUTE SPACE makes the convention "That space experienced by anyone or anything is same all over the universe.." that explicitly tells us that a meter percepted by anyone is same..
One thing to remember that the ideas of absolute time and space maybe seem pretty convincing and natural yet it's not free of ambiguity..
On the Subject of Absoluteness NEWTON said "Deity Endures forever by mean existing always and everywhere. He constitutes the DURATION and SPACE "
So we see he basically defined time and space to formulate his own ideas and to put the bedrock for CLASSICAL MECHANICS..
Some of you may ask What on Earth these pretty inexplicable, insignificant ideas have anything to do with our Concern about the Nature.. Well they are the Elemental to form an exact, absolute description of Relativity .. And without the qualitative description of Relativity we can't hope to workout an absolute description of nature..
What is Relativity
Suppose you and your friend both go to same school and a stranger asked you and your friend about the distance and direction of your school from your and yours friend houses respectively..
You replied your School is 5 KM away in the north and your friend replied it's 3 KM afar at the East..
Now the question arises who is telling the truth?? Or which description is more effective than the other??
The short answer is that both of you are correct.. both your and yours friend's description have some advantages and some disadvantages, as we ponder..
This Particular mindset or notion that Every description of an event is as correct as the other, as long as they are implying the same phenomenon preciously from a specific valid point of view, is called THE RELATIVITY..
And this so called SPECIFIC POINT OF VIEW is called REFERENCE FRAME..
Galileo Galilei first figured this specific notion out in his 1632's book naming 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems ' ..
The short answer is that both of you are correct.. both your and yours friend's description have some advantages and some disadvantages, as we ponder..
This Particular mindset or notion that Every description of an event is as correct as the other, as long as they are implying the same phenomenon preciously from a specific valid point of view, is called THE RELATIVITY..
And this so called SPECIFIC POINT OF VIEW is called REFERENCE FRAME..
Galileo Galilei first figured this specific notion out in his 1632's book naming 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems ' ..
Galileo Galilei
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Aristotle
For nearly 400 years the ARISTOTELIAN PLANETARY MODEL was considered as the absolute model of the universe.. In this model Earth was at the Centre of the Universe and other heavenly bodies rotate around the Earth in Circular path..
Aristotle's Planetary Model
Ptolemy
Ptolemy's Model of this Universe
At the dawn of Renaissance, every scientific theory and observations was started to be investigated with pure logic and Euclidean Geometry, which had priorly proven its supremacy..Once the Ptolemaic theory faced the wrath of Logic and Geometry the very bedrock of the model started to crumble.. Further observations made it clear that Earth is not at the centre of the Universe neither do the Sun... So, the Aristotlian , Ptolemaic, Tychonic (model by infamous Tycho Brahe) even the Copernican model collapsed into the deepest humiliation taking the notion of Absolute Frame of Reference with it..
Tycho Brahe
So, it is absolutely wrong to think about the Motion of an object with respect to an Absolute frame..
This Hindsight paved the way for Relativity to thrive... As, we can conclude whenever we're trying to describe the position or other properties of objects which may vary from observer to observer, we should always describe those with relative to the specific observer..
This is the Backbone of Relativity..
Absolute Time Space and Simultaneity
From Galilean point of view, Sir Issac Newton and his contemporaries based the whole foundation of 17th and 18th century's Qualitative descriptions of Nature..
In order to do so, he had to make two compelling yet very bold stipulations.. The stipulations were of ABSOLUTE TIME and ABSOLUTE SPACE..
From Galilean point of view, Sir Issac Newton and his contemporaries based the whole foundation of 17th and 18th century's Qualitative descriptions of Nature..
In order to do so, he had to make two compelling yet very bold stipulations.. The stipulations were of ABSOLUTE TIME and ABSOLUTE SPACE..
Absolute Time
To grasp the Idea of Absolute time we have to understand 'What is time..'.. To be true it's complicated to form an absolute true definition of time as it's sort of a background of our understanding.. here's what I found on wikipedia
"Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience."
So we can get a sort of vague notion by assigning the time as a measurement of change of the position or a state of an object or a system.. So, we can get a cusp of the true nature of TIME by thinking it in terms of Duration..
Now the Idea of ABSOLUTE TIME states that Any fixed duration is same all across the universe.. which means a second will be same for all, all over the universe..
This is pretty obvious to all of us and matches our daily experiences quite perfectly..
To grasp the Idea of Absolute time we have to understand 'What is time..'.. To be true it's complicated to form an absolute true definition of time as it's sort of a background of our understanding.. here's what I found on wikipedia
"Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience."
So we can get a sort of vague notion by assigning the time as a measurement of change of the position or a state of an object or a system.. So, we can get a cusp of the true nature of TIME by thinking it in terms of Duration..
Now the Idea of ABSOLUTE TIME states that Any fixed duration is same all across the universe.. which means a second will be same for all, all over the universe..
This is pretty obvious to all of us and matches our daily experiences quite perfectly..
Absolute Simultaneity
The meaning of Absolute Simultaneity is 'Now' , 'this moment' , 'this instance' is same for all..
These notions were explicitly introduced in the study of natural philosophy by ISSAC BARROW, mentor and predecessor of SIR ISSAC NEWTON.. and was brought to its extreme consequences by NEWTON
ISSAC BARROW
SIR ISSAC NEWTON
In his book "PHILOSOPHIÆ NATURALIES PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA " Newton quoted
"The absolute, true and mathematical time from it's own nature flows equitably without any relation to anything external.."
"The absolute, true and mathematical time from it's own nature flows equitably without any relation to anything external.."
PHILOSOPHIÆ NATURALIES PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA
Absolute Space
The idea of ABSOLUTE SPACE is/may not be as convoluted as the time..
In the definition of Space we can say "Space is sort of a background on which event takes place" and the concept of ABSOLUTE SPACE makes the convention "That space experienced by anyone or anything is same all over the universe.." that explicitly tells us that a meter percepted by anyone is same..
One thing to remember that the ideas of absolute time and space maybe seem pretty convincing and natural yet it's not free of ambiguity..
On the Subject of Absoluteness NEWTON said "Deity Endures forever by mean existing always and everywhere. He constitutes the DURATION and SPACE "
So we see he basically defined time and space to formulate his own ideas and to put the bedrock for CLASSICAL MECHANICS..
Some of you may ask What on Earth these pretty inexplicable, insignificant ideas have anything to do with our Concern about the Nature.. Well they are the Elemental to form an exact, absolute description of Relativity .. And without the qualitative description of Relativity we can't hope to workout an absolute description of nature..
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